Doxofylline

Doxofylline is a bronchodilator (xanthine derivative) medicine available in Bangladesh under many brand names. Below are its uses, dosage, side effects and precautions — and all brands with their current prices.

• Bronchial asthma (maintenance treatment)
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Chronic bronchitis with airway narrowing
• Breathlessness and wheezing associated with reversible airway obstruction

The usual adult dose of Doxofylline is 400 mg two to three times daily, adjusted by the doctor according to response and tolerance; elderly patients often start lower. Taking it after food helps if stomach upset occurs. Doxofylline should be taken regularly at the same times each day — it is not a rescue medicine, so keep a fast-acting reliever inhaler for sudden attacks. Use in children should only be as directed by a doctor. Do not change the dose or stop suddenly without medical advice.

Doxofylline is generally better tolerated than theophylline. Possible side effects include nausea, stomach discomfort, headache, dizziness, and mild sleep disturbance or irritability. Palpitations and fast heartbeat can occur but are less frequent than with older xanthines. High doses may cause vomiting or tremor. Stop the medicine and contact a doctor if you develop severe palpitations, chest pain, persistent vomiting, or any seizure-like activity.

Use doxofylline with caution in heart disease, high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer, epilepsy, and liver or kidney impairment — dose adjustment may be needed. Limit heavy tea, coffee, and energy drinks, which add xanthine-like load. Fever, viral illness, and smoking status can change how the body handles xanthines, so inform your doctor of any major changes. Remember it does not replace inhaled steroids or your reliever inhaler; continue them as prescribed.

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cimetidine, and allopurinol can raise doxofylline levels and increase side effects. Rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and smoking can lower its levels. Avoid taking it together with other xanthines such as theophylline or aminophylline — the effects add up. Caution is needed with ephedrine and other stimulant sympathomimetics. Flu vaccination or active viral infection may also alter xanthine handling. Tell your doctor about every medicine you use.

Doxofylline is contraindicated in people hypersensitive to doxofylline or other xanthine derivatives, in acute myocardial infarction (recent heart attack), in significant low blood pressure, and during breastfeeding unless a doctor advises otherwise. It should not be relied on to treat an acute asthma attack — fast-acting inhaled relievers and emergency care are needed for that.

Pregnancy: Safety in pregnancy has not been established, so doxofylline should be used only if the doctor judges the benefit clearly outweighs the risk, generally avoiding the first trimester. Lactation: Xanthines pass into breast milk and may make the baby irritable; use during breastfeeding is generally not recommended unless the doctor advises it. Discuss your asthma treatment plan with your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep tablets in the original pack and out of the reach of children. Do not use after the expiry date printed on the package.